There is a sequence closer (“ok”), which shuts down the last topic of conversation. Then the pre-closing begins with a last topic check (“Anything else?”). At this point, the user could open a new topic and re-enter the body of the conversation (leaving the pre-closing), or they could decline to open a new topic and continue the pre-closing (disaffirmation). The pre-closing often continues with optional social graces like well-wishing (“Have a good day!”), acknowledgments about the relationship or activity (“It’s been a pleasure chatting with you”), mentions of future activities together (“I’ll see you tomorrow!”), or more. Once the optional pre-closing steps are complete, the participants do the final closing (“bye/bye”, “cheers/see ya”, etc…), at which point the conversation is over.